Abstract: Based on the data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), an empirical study was conducted on the factors influencing the national elderly population's intention to retire and reside using unordered multinomial Logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the majority of elderly people wanted to live alone or with their children, but the overall level of intention to live in an institution was low, among which the influence of individual factors and family factors was more significant. At present, home care is still the mainstream elderly care model in China, and families play an important role in it. Thus, we should continue to consolidate the basic status of home care, improve the service level of socialized elderly care, and promote the development of the "three-in-one" multi-level elderly care service system to actively cope with the aging of the population.