Abstract: The ancient local medical administrative system in Jiangsu region flourished during the Song Dynasty and reached its peak during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, but was abolished during the Qing Dynasty. Compared to the whole nation, Jiangsu region placed particular emphasis on the implementation and maintenance of the local medical administrative system, with a large number of renowned medical families and famous doctors, especially in southern part of Jiangsu, forming a relatively high-density community. The existence of the ancient medical administrative system played three main roles in the formation of regional medical schools. Firstly, it stabilized the talent and improved the overall quality of the medical community. Secondly, it promoted the development of local renowned doctors and facilitated the formation of their networks. Lastly, it created conditions for local academic exchange and integration.