Abstract: Based on the local chronicles of Nanjing, related bibliography and ancient documents, the family chain of hereditary doctors in Nanjing was sorted out, and it was concluded that the origin of the Jinling medical school was closely related to the heritage of hereditary doctors in Nanjing. Thus, hereditary doctors were an important cornerstone of its formation and characteristic development. It is also suggested that Nanjing's hereditary medical practice was characterized by a large number of immigrants, and doctors influenced by Confucianism, with inclusive, practical and innovative academic attitudes, while the genealogy of hereditary medicine is not clear, and the medical writings are seriously scattered. In conclusion, the above characteristics have an important influence on the formation of the Jinling medical school.