Abstract: Forging a strong sense of community of the Chinese nation is the core task of ethnic work in the new era, and the course of "Introduction to the Chinese National Community", as an important educational carrier to implement this task, is facing the key topic of the construction of the teaching discourse system in the process of gradual promotion. At present, the course has structural problems such as an overly policy-oriented textbook, fragmented content, and insufficient proximity to daily life, as well as practical challenges such as insufficient interdisciplinary literacy of teachers, lack of integration of teaching content, and interference from external negative factors. To address the above issues, the construction of the teaching discourse system needs to follow the principles of unifying political nature and academic rationality, integrating the times and inheritance, coordinating subjectivity and pertinence, and connecting value and practicality. The specific approaches include: dynamically updating content to enrich discourse by consolidating the theoretical core and docking with practical realities; strengthening logical, argumentative, and life-oriented forms of expression; accurately grasping the discourse context from the verbal and non-verbal levels to create a supportive teaching environment. The aforementioned practical approaches will improve the quality of course teaching, enhance the educational function of ideological and political courses, provide robust teaching discourse support for forging a strong sense of the Chinese national community, and hold significant value for improving the discourse system of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities.