Abstract: The occurrence of sudden major infectious diseases has made people deeply aware of the practical value of improving the emergency management system of sudden major infectious diseases to protect people's lives. At the same time, because of the high population concentration and high mobility in the capital cities, more attention should be paid to them. Therefore, based on the research at home and abroad on resilience and emergency management of sudden major infectious diseases, this study combines the improved resilience baseline model with traditional urban emergency management of sudden major infectious diseases. Through expert consultation method and analytic hierarchy process, it constructs the evaluation index system of emergency management capacity of sudden major infectious diseases in provincial capital cities from the perspective of resilience. It is divided into four primary indicators, 12 secondary indicators, and 34 tertiary indicators. It provides decision-making basis for improving the emergency management system of infectious diseases in provincial capital cities.