Abstract: Cooperative joint medical institutions played an important complementary role in the early medical system of the People' s Republic of China. The organization of joint medical institutions has achieved the goal of "organizing" social practice doctors and is seen as a "bridge from private medical system to public medical system". With the early completion of the "Three Major Transformations" and the emergence of the peak of socialist construction, the impulse to achieve leapfrog economic and social development also affected the medical and health field. In 1956, a motion was proposed to take over all joint clinics by the state. Following the instructions of central leaders such as Liu Shaoqi, and after research by the health department and various levels of government, the issue of restructuring gradually returned to the original institutional design and the basic national situation of shortage of medical and health resources. The coexistence of public ownership as the main body and various forms of ownership in medical institutions ultimately became a consensus. Reviewing the twists and turns that occurred in the history of medical institutions during the early days of the founding of the People' s Republic of China can help deepen our understanding of the history of contemporary Chinese medical care.