Abstract: This paper adopted the data envelopment analysis(DEA) method, under the assumption of variable returns to scale, constructed the BCC model, and analyzed some of the input and output indicators of medical and healthcare resources in Anhui Province, to provide a reference for improving the reasonableness of the allocation of medical and health care resources within Anhui Province. The results of the study showed that the overall pure technical efficiency of Anhui province has a value of 0.963, the scale efficiency has a value of 0.95, and the comprehensive efficiency had a value of 0.915. Hefei, Bozhou, Bengbu, and Xuancheng show the DEA effective state, Huaibei, Tongling, and Chizhou showed a weak DEA effective state, and Suzhou, Fuyang, Huainan, Chuzhou, Lu'san, Ma'anshan, Wuhu, Anqing, and Huangshan showed a DEA ineffective state. The redundant investment in medical and health resources in DEA ineffective cities in Anhui Province was relatively concentrated in medical and health institutions and their beds, while the insufficient output was concentrated in the number of diagnosis and treatment patients. It can be concluded that the overall level of health resource allocation efficiency in Anhui Province is relatively low, and there are large differences in health resource allocation efficiency between regions, with significant imbalances in health resource input and output. The paper advocates adapting measures to local conditions and scientifically improving the efficiency of medical and health resource allocation; focusing on talent training and introduction to improve medical technology; using the radiation-driven effect to promote overall improvement.