Abstract: With the progress of technology and the development of practice, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions are increasingly showing outstanding value. Meanwhile, effective ownership protection for them is also particularly important. Through a multi-perspective analysis of the status of patent protection for TCM compound prescriptions in China from 2013 to 2022, it was found that there are currently problems in patent protection for TCM compound prescriptions, such as difficulty in applying for patent protection, low quality of research results in some TCM compound prescriptions, and a relatively small proportion of official inventions in TCM compound prescription patents. Based on the unique characteristics of TCM compound prescriptions and the actual situation of patent protection in China, it is recommended to promote the cooperation between patent protection and trade secret protection, build a patent network based on high-quality patent applications, and improve the application of the principle of equivalence in patent infringement of TCM compound prescriptions. This provides a theoretical basis for strengthening the awareness of patent protection in TCM industry and forming a comprehensive and multi-dimensional patent protection pattern.