The Multiple Mediating Effects of Aging Stereotype and Intergroup Anxiety between Intergenerational Contact and Age Discrimination
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摘要: 针对老年歧视问题, 国内学者大多从社会政策和法律层面进行理论探讨, 实证调查研究较少。对738名大学生的问卷调查数据分析结果表明, 老年歧视、消极老化刻板印象、群际焦虑、代际接触得分两两之间均呈显著相关。代际接触既能够直接负向预测老年歧视, 也能够通过消极老化刻板印象、群际焦虑的独立中介效应, 以及消极老化刻板印象-群际焦虑的链式中介作用影响老年歧视。增加大学生与老年人的代际接触, 有利于减少消极老化刻板印象和群际焦虑水平, 进而减少老年歧视水平。Abstract: Most domestic research on age discrimination has been at the level of social policy and law, with less empirical research. Results from a questionnaire survey of 738 college students showed that the scores of age discrimination, negative aging stereotypes, intergroup anxiety and intergenerational contact were all significantly correlated with each other. Intergenerational contact can directly and negatively predict age discrimination, and can also influence age discrimination through the independent mediating effect of negative aging stereotypes and intergroup anxiety, as well as the chain mediating effect of negative aging stereotypes-intergroup anxiety. Increasing intergenerational contact between college students and older adults is beneficial in reducing levels of negative aging stereotypes and intergroup anxiety, which in turn reduces levels of age discrimination.
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表 1 各变量的得分情况及相关分析矩阵(r值)
变量 得分(x±SD) 代际接触 消极老化刻板印象 群际焦虑 老年歧视 代际接触 28.08±6.91 — 消极老化刻板印象 23.60±7.76 -0.27** — 群际焦虑 33.42±9.34 -0.36** 0.44** — 老年歧视 57.36±10.20 -0.42** 0.49** 0.54** — 注: * *P < 0.01。 
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表 2 代际接触、消极老化刻板印象、群际焦虑影响老年歧视的路径检验
路径 非标准化系数 标准化系数 SE值 C.R. P 代际接触→消极老化刻板印象 -0.88 -0.32 0.11 -8.03 < 0.001 消极老化刻板印象→群际焦虑 0.42 0.35 0.04 10.17 < 0.001 代际接触→群际焦虑 -1.02 -0.31 0.12 -8.16 < 0.001 群际焦虑→老年歧视 0.33 0.30 0.04 9.02 < 0.001 代际接触→老年歧视 -1.02 -0.29 0.13 -7.80 < 0.001 消极老化刻板印象→老年歧视 0.35 0.27 0.04 8.37 < 0.001
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表 3 代际接触、消极老化刻板印象和群际焦虑对老年歧视的Bootstrap分析
效应类型 路径关系 标准化效应值 相对效应 Boot 95% CI 下限 上限 直接效应 代际接触→老年歧视 -0.29 58% -0.36 -0.21 中介效应 代际接触→消极老化刻板印象→老年歧视 -0.09 18% -0.12 -0.06 代际接触→群际焦虑→老年歧视 -0.09 18% -0.13 -0.07 代际接触→消极老化刻板印象→群际焦虑→老年歧视 -0.03 6% -0.05 -0.02 总中介效应 -0.21 42% -0.26 -0.17 总效应 -0.50 100% -0.57 -0.43
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