An Empirical Study on Judicial Identification of Causality of Medical Accident Crime - Taking 48 Judgments from 2012 to 2021 as Samples
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摘要: 医疗事故罪因果关系因其专业性和复杂性, 司法实践中对其认定较为困难。统计分析2012年至2021年医疗事故罪司法裁判, 发现医疗事故罪因果关系认定的实践困境主要在于裁判对因果关系论证的忽视、复杂因果关系证明的证据空缺、“以鉴代审”导致异化司法职能、鉴定意见相互冲突及其质证困难等方面。针对这些问题, 可通过确立适用事故参与度理论划分原因力、适用“实行行为论+相当因果关系说”判定介入型因果关系、适用“条件说+排除法”确定直接因果关系、运用自由心证方法判定模糊型因果关系等具体认定规则, 为司法实践提供指引。Abstract: Because of its specialty and complexity, the causation in medical accident crime is difficult to identify in judicial practice. Based on the statistical analysis of the judicial adjudications of medical accident crime from 2012 to 2021, it is found that the practical difficulties in the determination of causation in medical accident crime mainly lie in the neglect of causal relationship argumentation by judges, the lack of evidence in proving complex causal relationships, the alienation of judicial functions caused by "using appraisal as a substitute for trial", conflicting appraisal opinions, and difficulties in cross examination, et al. In view of these problems, we can provide guidance for judicial practice by establishing specific identification rules, such as applying the theory of accident participation to divide the causal force, applying the "practice behavior theory + equivalent causal relationship theory" to identify the interventional causal relationship, applying the "condition theory + exclusion method" to identify the direct causal relationship, and using the method of free evaluation of evidence to identify the fuzzy causal relationship.
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Key words:
- medical accident crime /
- causation /
- medical identification /
- method of proof
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