Construction Path of China-ASEAN Health Community in the Post-Epidemic Era
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摘要: 随着中国-东盟自贸区的建设和“一带一路”倡议的不断推进, 中国与东盟国家间的交往日益频繁, 传染性疾病暴发与传播的风险也随之增大。各类传染病的出现对中国和东盟各国的民众健康和生命安全造成严重威胁, 加强区域合作、携手构建卫生健康共同体已经成为中国与东盟国家的共同选择。中国与东盟国家的传统医药合作和卫生治理合作具有坚实的历史基础和实践基础, 但在公共卫生风险不断凸显的后疫情时代, 中国与东盟国家间的卫生健康合作仍面临诸多现实挑战, 因而亟须在理念意识引导、法律机制重塑、专业人才培养和区域协调合作路径上构建卫生健康共同体, 以携手应对公共卫生挑战, 消除潜在健康隐患, 实现区域卫生治理的可持续发展。Abstract: With the construction of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area and the continuous advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative, the exchanges between China and ASEAN countries have become increasingly frequent, and the risk of infectious disease outbreak and spread has also increased. The emergence of various infectious diseases poses a serious threat to the health and life safety of people in China and ASEAN countries. It has become the common choice of China and ASEAN countries to strengthen regional cooperation and jointly build a health community. The cooperation in traditional medicine and health governance between China and ASEAN countries has a solid historical and practical foundation, but in the post-COVID-19 era where public health risks are increasingly prominent, health cooperation between China and ASEAN countries still faces many practical challenges. Therefore, it is urgent to build a health community by guiding ideology, reshaping legal mechanisms, training professionals and regional coordination and cooperation, so as to jointly address public health challenges and eliminate potential health risks and realize sustainable development of regional health governance.
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Key words:
- post-epidemic era /
- China-ASEAN /
- health community /
- regional cooperation /
- construction path
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表 1 2020年中国与东盟国家及美国卫生支出统计
国家 占GDP比重(%) 人均支出(美元) 人均GDP(美元) 老挝 3 68 2 534 缅甸 5 75 1 559 柬埔寨 8 116 1 542 东帝汶 10 121 1 227 印度尼西亚 3 133 3 894 菲律宾 5 165 3 222 越南 5 166 3 551 泰国 4 305 6 999 马来西亚 4 419 10 151 文莱 2 650 27 174 新加坡 6 3 537 58 425 中国 6 583 10 430 美国 19 11 702 62 194 注：数据来源于WHO网站[14]。 
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表 2 中国与东盟国家及美国医护人员密度情况(每万人)(2012-2020年)
国家 医生 护理人员及助产士 药剂师 老挝 3.5 11.9 2.3 缅甸 7.4 10.8 0.8 柬埔寨 1.9 10.1 0.3 东帝汶 7.6 17.5 2.1 印度尼西亚 6.2 39.5 0.9 菲律宾 7.7 54.4 3.3 越南 8.3 14.5 3.4 泰国 9.5 31.5 6.3 马来西亚 22.9 34.8 3.5 文莱 16.1 59.0 1.7 新加坡 24.6 62.4 5.1 中国 22.3 30.8 3.2 美国 26.1 156.8 — 注：数据来源于WHO网站[15]。
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