Identification of "Major Diseases" in Revocable Marriage System
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摘要: 《民法典》在可撤销婚姻制度中新增设“隐瞒重大疾病”的婚姻撤销事由。对于何为“重大疾病”, 《民法典》并未作出明确规定, 由此在学术界和司法界产生理解上的分歧。通过对立法沿革的剖析可知, 结婚中的疾病规定, 历经了从公共利益到个人利益的过程, 重大疾病归入可撤销婚姻制度, 正体现出立法对个人利益的重视, 故重大疾病应侧重从个人意愿的角度去理解。但这并非意味着个人意愿是认定重大疾病的唯一依据, 是否构成重大疾病, 仍需要兼顾婚姻家庭关系中弱者的利益。从本质上说, 这是一个利益博弈的过程, 重大疾病的认定需要平衡不同的利益。在此之下的重大疾病认定, 应看该疾病对被隐瞒方利益的损害, 是否高于撤销婚姻对婚姻家庭关系中弱者利益的损害, 若是高于则法院可将被隐瞒方宣称的疾病视为重大疾病。Abstract: The Civil Code added a new cause of marriage cancellation, "concealing major diseases", to the revocable marriage system. The Civil Code did not clearly define the connotation of "major diseases", which has caused divergence in understanding between the academic and judicial circles. Through the analysis of the legislative evolution, it indicated that the provisions on diseases in marriage have gone through the process from public interest to personal interest. Major diseases included in the revocable marriage system reflects the importance of legislation on personal interests. Therefore, major diseases should be understood from the perspective of personal will. However, this does not mean that personal will is the only basis for identifying major diseases. Whether it refers to a major disease still needs to take into account the interests of the weak in the marriage and family relationship. In essence, this is a process of interest game, and the identification of major diseases needs to balance different interests. Thus, the definition of major diseases should be based on whether the damage to the interests of the concealed party caused by the disease is higher than that of the weak in the marriage and family relationship caused by the dissolution of the marriage. If it is higher, the court can regard the disease claimed by the concealed party as a major disease.
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Key words:
- major disease /
- revocable marriage /
- freedom of marriage /
- interest of the weak
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