Abstract: An in-depth analysis of the changes in the internal structure of primary health technicians in China is crucial for optimizing personnel construction and enhancing the health services capacity of primary medical institutions. By analyzing the changes of health technicians in township health institutions and community health service institutions by professional type, age, educational background and professional technical qualification from 2016 to 2021, it was found that there are urban-rural differences in the development of primary health technicians, with the age group of health technicians moving backward, and unreasonable educational background and professional qualifications. It is suggested to strengthen the construction of talent teams in township health institutions, and further optimize the age, educational background, and professional technical qualification structure of health technicians.