Abstract: In the Qing Dynasty, the medical level in western Hunan was still relatively backward, and many folk activities were related to medical treatment, forming a unique system of folk medical behavior. These folk medical activities are mainly distributed during various traditional festivals, and can be roughly divided into three types of folk medical activities: predicting diseases, preventing diseases, and treating diseases according to the stages and purposes of the diseases they target. These folk medical activities are an important component of social medical care in the history of western Hunan, and also provide important references for us to observe the traditional medical cultural concepts in this region.