Abstract: With the construction of China-ASEAN Free Trade Area and the continuous advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative, the exchanges between China and ASEAN countries have become increasingly frequent, and the risk of infectious disease outbreak and spread has also increased. The emergence of various infectious diseases poses a serious threat to the health and life safety of people in China and ASEAN countries. It has become the common choice of China and ASEAN countries to strengthen regional cooperation and jointly build a health community. The cooperation in traditional medicine and health governance between China and ASEAN countries has a solid historical and practical foundation, but in the post-COVID-19 era where public health risks are increasingly prominent, health cooperation between China and ASEAN countries still faces many practical challenges. Therefore, it is urgent to build a health community by guiding ideology, reshaping legal mechanisms, training professionals and regional coordination and cooperation, so as to jointly address public health challenges and eliminate potential health risks and realize sustainable development of regional health governance.